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Babysehentwicklung - HANNIline
Zum Hauptinhalt springen

Ab wann können Babys sehen.

Baby schaut neugierig Kontrastkarten an

Die visuellen Reize sind für das Gehirn die wichtigste Informationsquelle über die außenstehende Welt. Deswegen spielt das Sehvermögen auch eine besondere Rolle in der neurobiologischen Entwicklung jedes Babys.

Wie sehen Babys wirklich? Das sehen Neugeborene in den ersten Monaten.

Das Sehvermögen im Babyalter wurde in der Vergangenheit sehr gründlich erforscht. Darum wissen wir ziemlich genau, was ein Neugeborenes oder Baby tatsächlich wahrnehmen kann und welchen Einfluss eine angemessene oder fehlende Stimulation auf seine Entwicklung hat. Der Sehsinn, der im Mamabauch am wenigsten gefordert wurde, braucht mehrere Jahre um sich vollständig zu entwickeln. Das Sehvermögen eines Babys unterscheidet sich von dem eines Erwachsenen in mehreren Aspekten:

  • Seh­schärfe

    Zuerst sehen Babys die Welt um sie herum wie durch ein Milchglas – sehr stark verschwommen. Würde ein Erwachsener das gleiche Sehvermögen haben wie ein einmonatiges Baby, würden wir ihn als blind bezeichnen. Erst mit 6 Monaten sind die Seh­schärfe und Kontrastempfindlichkeit in der nahen Umgebung ähnlich denen eines Erwachsenen. Bis Kinder allerdings die Sehschärfe eines Erwachsenen erreicht haben, dauert es laut einigen Studien in der Regel sogar bis zu 7 Jahren.

  • Seh­weite

    Die meisten Babys sind weitsichtig. Was aber besonders interessant ist, sie kompensieren diese Art der Fehlsichtigkeit mit Akkommodation der Augenlinse und fokussieren in den ersten Monaten auf Gegenstände, die bis zirka 30 cm von ihnen entfernt sind. In den ersten Wochen können Babys einem Gegenstand mit den Augen folgen, sofern es nah genug und kontrastreich ist. Mit 6 Monaten erkennen sie schon die Entfernung zwischen zwei Objekten und können ihren Fokus und ihre Aufmerksamkeit dazwischen wechseln.
  • Farben

    Neugeborene erkennen zwar den Unterschied zwischen dunkel und hell, nehmen aber kaum Farben wahr. Diese kommen erst schrittweise dazu. Die erste Farbe, die Babys nach der Geburt wahrnehmen können, ist rot. Dann kommen grün, gelb und blau dazu. Mit 4-5 Monaten können Babys alle diese Farben auch wahrnehmen.

Neugeborene und Babys können ihre Bedürfnisse trotz der starken Einschränkungen in den ersten Lebenswochen aber gut befriedigen. Sie erkennen das Gesicht von Mama oder Papa und können es von einem fremden Gesicht unterscheiden. Sie orientieren sich dabei an dem Haaransatz der jeweiligen Person. Sie sehen am besten in einer Entfernung von zirka 20-30 cm, was in etwa der Entfernung zwischen der Brust und dem Gesicht der Mutter entspricht. Nachdem sie keine feinmotorischen Tätigkeiten ausüben müssen, ist die fehlende Sehschärfe auch kein Problem.

Wie kann man sich die Welt eines Babys vorstellen?

Sieh hier durch die Augen eines Babys auf die kleine bunte Eisenbahn:
Geburt
1. Monat
2. Monat
3. Monat
4. Monate
5. Monat
6. Monat
Originalbild
Geburt
1. Monat
2. Monat
3. Monat
4. Monat
5. Monat
6. Monat
Originalbild
    Die hier dargestellten Bilder aus Sicht der Babys sind lediglich eine Simulation des Babysehvermögens basierend auf wissenschaftlichen Studien.

    Unsere Kontrastkarten

    Babys lieben unsere Karten, weil sie diese – im Gegensatz zu blassen, hellen Gegenständen oder Bildern – wahrnehmen können. Und das, weil die Motive altersentsprechend an die Besonderheiten ihres Sehvermögens angepasst sind (im Hinblick auf Größe, Farben und Komplexität). Unsere Kontrastkarten – mit kräftigen Farben und starken Kontrasten – wecken schnell die Aufmerksamkeit und Neugier deines Babys. Diese babygerechten visuellen Reize stimulieren darüber hinaus die Entstehung grundlegender Verbindungen zwischen den Gehirnzellen – den sogenannten Synapsen.


    Viele Wissenschaftler haben sich mit dem Thema Sehvermögen von Neugeborenen und Babys auseinandergesetzt. Eine gute Zusammenfassung der Untersuchungsmethoden und der Ergebnisse findest du u.a. in Visual Development – Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology (2017) von Janette Atkinson (Englisch).

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